Paraphrase
Polystyrene and Health Homepage
Health Effects
There is evidence that show styrene can causes cancer in animals, but does not yet been proven to causes cancer in humans. Styrene primarily exhibits its toxicity to humans as a neurotoxin by attacking the central and peripheral nervous system. The accumulation of these highly lipidsoluble (fat-soluble) materials in the lipid-rich tissues of the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves is correlated with acute or chronic functional impairment of the nervous system. For example, women exposed to low concentration of styrene vapors in the workplace are known to have a variety of neurotoxic and menstrual problems. A research found that, 110 women exposed to styrene vapors at levels about 5mg/m3 demonstrated menstrual disorders, particularly perturbations of the menstrual cycle and a hypermenorrhea (unusually heavy flow of menses during the menstrual cycle syndrome. Styrene- exposed women often suffered from metabolic disturbances occurring during preganancy.
http://www.ejnet.org/plastics/polystrene/health.html
No More Polystyrene Food Container, Please….
Environmental impact
Foamed polystyrene blows in the wind and floats on water, and is abundant in the outdoor environment.
Weathering by wind, sun, rain, and wave action degrade polystyrene to known and suspected carcinogens, including styrene monomer, styrene dimer and styrene trimer. However, styrene is an organic, naturally occurring substances in our environment and to date, no regulatory body anywhere in the world has classified styrene as a known human carcinogen, although several refer to it in various contexts as a possible or potential human carcinogen. Moreover, styrene is quickly broken down in the air, evaporates quickly in shallow soil and water, and what remains in soil and water can be further broken down by bacteria and microorganisms.
Polystyrene foams are produced using blowing agents that form bubbles and expand the foam. In expanded polystyrene, there are usually hydrocarbons such as pentane, which may pose a flammability hazard in manufacturing or storage of newly manufactured material, but have relatively mild environmental impact. Their ozone depletion potential is greatly reduced relative to chlorofluorocarbon which were formerly used, but their global warming potential can be on the order of 1000 or more, meaning it has 1000 times greater effect on global warming that does carbon dioxide
Thursday, February 10, 2011
The Dangers Of Polystyrene: by Robson biug no matrik 2009528143 and Mohamad Hudzwan bin Mahadi no matrik 2009941493
http://businessbarbados.com/green business/the-danger-of-polystyrene
Marine Pollution
The United Nations Environment Program estimated in 2006 that every square mile of ocean hosts 46,000 pieces of floating plastic. Polystyrene foam presents unique management issues because of its lightweight nature, floatability, and likelihood to be blown from disposal sites even when disposed of properly. The lightweight and buoyant polystyrene travels easily through gutters and storm drains, eventually reaching the ocean. Plastic from urban runoff is the largest source of marine debris worldwide. Pollution of waterways and waterfront negatively affects tourism and quality of life. When polystyrene travels down waterways and storm drains into the ocean, it breaks down into smaller, non- biodegradable pieces that are ingested by marine life and other wildlife thus harming or killing them. In one Californian study, at least 162 marine species including most seabirds were reported to have eaten plastics and other marine litter. As a result of the impacts on marine pollution and adverse effect to marine wildlife, several coastal cities across the United States, have banned the use of polystyrene food packaging altogether.
SUMMARIZE
As a result of the impacts on marine pollution and adverse effect to marine wildlife,we should stop using polystyrene and banned using polystyrene in any food packaging altogether to make sure morine pollution can be stop.
Marine Pollution
The United Nations Environment Program estimated in 2006 that every square mile of ocean hosts 46,000 pieces of floating plastic. Polystyrene foam presents unique management issues because of its lightweight nature, floatability, and likelihood to be blown from disposal sites even when disposed of properly. The lightweight and buoyant polystyrene travels easily through gutters and storm drains, eventually reaching the ocean. Plastic from urban runoff is the largest source of marine debris worldwide. Pollution of waterways and waterfront negatively affects tourism and quality of life. When polystyrene travels down waterways and storm drains into the ocean, it breaks down into smaller, non- biodegradable pieces that are ingested by marine life and other wildlife thus harming or killing them. In one Californian study, at least 162 marine species including most seabirds were reported to have eaten plastics and other marine litter. As a result of the impacts on marine pollution and adverse effect to marine wildlife, several coastal cities across the United States, have banned the use of polystyrene food packaging altogether.
SUMMARIZE
As a result of the impacts on marine pollution and adverse effect to marine wildlife,we should stop using polystyrene and banned using polystyrene in any food packaging altogether to make sure morine pollution can be stop.
Wednesday, February 9, 2011
Disposal and environmental issues :by Robson biug no matrik 2009528143 and Mohamad hudzwan bin Mahadi no matrik 2009941493
http://www.tititudorancea.com/z/polystyrene
Polystyrene is not easily recycled because of its light weight especially if foamed and its low scrap value. It is generally not accepted in kerbside (curbside) collection recycling programs. In Germany, however, polystyrene is collected, as a consequence of the packaging law (Verpackungsverordnung) that requires manufacturers to take responsibility for recycling or disposing of any packaging material they sell. On the other hand, great advances have been made in recycling expanded polystyrene at an industrial level. Many different methods of densification have been developed. This increase in density, usually greater than 15#/cubic foot makes clean polystyrene a good profit center in recycling operations. Some industrial polystyrene manufacturers accept post consumer EPS for recycling. As an example Dart Container Corporation in Mason, Michigan has an ongoing post consumer recycling operation as well as an industrial EPS scrap recycling operation.
SUMMARIZE
Polystyrene is hard to dispose because of its light weight especially if foamed and its low scrap value. Although great advances have been made in recycling expanded polystyrene at an industrial level. Many different methods of densification have been developed. This increase in density, usually greater than 15#/cubic foot makes clean polystyrene a good profit center in recycling operations.
Polystyrene is not easily recycled because of its light weight especially if foamed and its low scrap value. It is generally not accepted in kerbside (curbside) collection recycling programs. In Germany, however, polystyrene is collected, as a consequence of the packaging law (Verpackungsverordnung) that requires manufacturers to take responsibility for recycling or disposing of any packaging material they sell. On the other hand, great advances have been made in recycling expanded polystyrene at an industrial level. Many different methods of densification have been developed. This increase in density, usually greater than 15#/cubic foot makes clean polystyrene a good profit center in recycling operations. Some industrial polystyrene manufacturers accept post consumer EPS for recycling. As an example Dart Container Corporation in Mason, Michigan has an ongoing post consumer recycling operation as well as an industrial EPS scrap recycling operation.
SUMMARIZE
Polystyrene is hard to dispose because of its light weight especially if foamed and its low scrap value. Although great advances have been made in recycling expanded polystyrene at an industrial level. Many different methods of densification have been developed. This increase in density, usually greater than 15#/cubic foot makes clean polystyrene a good profit center in recycling operations.
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